ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the association of total absenteeism and the CBL absenteeism among the undergraduate medical students
Study Design: A cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College and study was conducted in the month of June 2016
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the month of June 2016 among the Second MBBS course at the Army Medical College. Two hundred second year M.B.B.S. students were informed and invited to participate in the study. We gathered the information from the students on total number of CBL attended in the whole academic year, reason for missing Anatomy CBL, causes for absenteeism, annual total attendance percentage of the second year class, number of pass CBL sessions in second year
Results: Out of 173 participants, there were 101 [58.4 percent] male and 72 [41.6 percent] female students with the mean age of 20.01 +/- 0.69 years. There were 84 [48.6 percent] medical cadets, 12 [6.9 percent] paying cadets, 21 [12.1 percent] additional selected cadets, 46 [26.6 percent] NUMS cadets and 10 [5.8 percent] NUMS foreign cadets. Mean CBL attendance was 13.09 +/- 1.87 with the range of 6-15. Mean attendance of classes other than CBL was 92.40 +/- 6.55. The difference of CBL attendance between various categories of cadets was insignificant [p-value=0.18]. Also, there was no effect of gender on the CBL attendance [p-value=0.10]
Conclusion: Frequency of students with attendance in CBL sessions below 75 percent is significantly different than the frequency of students with attendance above 75 percent
ABSTRACT
Background: Athletes use anabolic androgenic steroids in excess of normal therapeutic levels to improve their stamina and performance, and this apparently describes the increase in their toxic side effects
Objective: To determine the ameliorative effects of Pomegranate Juice and Pomegranate Peel Extract on steroid induced inflammation in mice kidneys
Methodology: Study Design: Laboratory based Randomized control study
Duration and Place of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad, from 1[st] May to 30[th] June 2015. Forty healthy male and female BALB/c mice with average weight of 25-30 gms were randomly distributed into four groups, each group with five male and five female mice. Group A worked as a control group and groups B, C and D worked as experimental groups. Mice in experimental groups B,C and D were given a single injection of [Nandrolone decanoate] ND intramuscularly, at the dose of 1 mg/100 gm body weight, in the hind limb once weekly for 8 weeks. Mice in experimental group C was also given pomegranate juice [PJ] at the dosage of 3ml/kg body weight via oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks and mice in experimental group D was given pomegranate peel extract [PPE] at the dosage of 200mg/kg body weight via oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed after the experimental period was over and kidney tissues were processed for sectioning and staining. The results of all the groups were compiled and compared by using SPSS 21. Comparison of qualitative variables between the groups was done by applying Chi square test
Results: Inflammatory infiltrate were significantly higher in steroid administered experimental group B and statistical improvement was seen when comparison of experimental group B was done with PJ and PPE administered experimental groups C and D, respectively [p=0.001and 0.000]. Comparison of experimental groups C and D showed no statistical significance [p=1.0]
Conclusion: It was concluded that both forms of Pomegranate has ameliorative effects on steroid induced inflammatory changes in mice kidneys
ABSTRACT
Background: Microwave exposed food intake among human is on rise
Objective: To determine the comparative effects Mentha piperita and melatonin on the seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium in the testis of mice fed continuously with microwave oven exposed diet
Methodology: Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad, from 1st April to 31 May 2016. Thirty two adult male mice [BALBc strain] weighing 25-30gms were divided into four equal groups having 8 mice each. Group G1 [control group], was given standard diet 5-10 gm/animal/day for the four weeks. 1 Group G2 received 5-10 gm/animal/day of microwave oven exposed mice pellets daily for the four weeks . Group G3 was given 2 leaf extract of Mentha piperita [1g/kg b.wt./day] along with microwave oven exposed mice pellets [5-10 gm /animal /day] for 4 3 weeks and the Group 4 was given melatonin 12 mg /kg/day orally along with microwave oven exposed mice pellets [5-10 gm /animal /day] for 4 weeks. After the experimental period was over, the animals were sacrificed. General features of the testis were noticed. Testis were processed embedded and stained for histological study. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. ANOVAtest was applied for intergroup comparison of quantitative variables
Results: In the experimental group G2, seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium was decreased with significant p value of 0.05 and in the group G3 and G4, both parameters were improved close to the control group and in comparison of p values of G2 v G3 and G2 v G4
Conclusion: Microwave oven exposed diet decreases the seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium and Mentha piperita has more potent ameliorative effects than melatonin
ABSTRACT
To explore the learning preferences of the preclinical students. Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College from April 2015 to June 2015A descriptive study. Undergraduate students belonging to first and second-year were invited to participate in the exercise. Self-perceived learning style preference was identified. Version 7.8 of the VARK questionnaire in a printed form was used. It consisted of 16 questions with 4 options each. The score for each VARK component of the entire study sample was added up and divided by the total number of study participants to obtain mean scores. A p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Among 294 students, 153 [52%] unimodal learning style preference was the largest one. Among the unimodal group 34% of the students were auditory learners and 35.9% were kinesthetic learners. Mean scores of individual VARK components based on gender showed no significant difference in terms of unimodal or multimodal learning preferences. More female students compared with male students preferred the A mode [5.32 +/- 2.277 versus 5.21 +/- 2.767] and the K mode [6.10 +/- 2.504 versus 6.05 +/- 2]. The largest percentage of students with trimodal preferences showed preferences for the auditory and kinesthetic learning strategies
ABSTRACT
Rifampicin continues to be an effective drug for treatment of tuberculosis. A variety of drug reactions have been reported of which hepatotoxicity is well known. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid as dietary supplementation in case of Rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity. Animal house NIH [National Institute of Health]. Randomized control trial. Thirty adult BALB/c mice weighing 30-60 grams were taken. They were kept under standard laboratory conditions. Mice were randomized and divided into three groups A, B and C each containing 10 mice. Group A was given Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight, group B was administered Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight along with ascorbic acid 500 mg/kg body weight orally and group C was given regular NIH lab diet for six weeks. Liver specimens of animals given rifampicin showed formation of necrotic foci. Simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid significantly reduced histological changes induced by Rifampicin. Ascorbic acid has protective role against hepatotoxic effect of Rifampicin used in chemotherapy of tuberculosis in animal models
ABSTRACT
To take the feedback of the students regarding the process of PBL, and of the faculty about student's performance. Descriptive study. The department of Medical education, Rawalpindi Medical College from 2007 till June 2008. The study was carried out in the first year class of 270 students at Rawalpindi Medical College. The Basic Sciences teaching was augmented by problem-based learning and integrated approach. Students of first academic year were allocated randomly to 20 batches each comprising 12-13 students. One facilitator was randomly allocated to each batch. Basic science faculty was made to participate actively in problem based learning along with clinical experts. The completed program was evaluated based on structured questionnaires. The response of students towards PBL as teaching strategy, was encouraging. Quantitative analysis showed that the mean score of the student's performance was 14.74 [SD +/- 3.255] out of 20. Most of the students [78.6%] agreed that the problem based learning facilitated their learning process whereas 6.5% disagreed and 14.9% did not comment. The study showed that it is possible to adopt problem based learning in the undergraduate medical course under a conventional curriculum
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the kistomorphological characteristics of human umbilical cord ar high altitde [HA] area i.e. Skardu with those at low altillrde [LA] i.e. Rawalpindi in Pakistan. Materials and methods: This cross sectional cornparalive study was conducted in Anatomy department at Army Medical Gollcgt Rawalpindi, from October 2002 to April 2003. Eighty umbilical cords, forty each from normal cases a: LA and HA! were Included. The full depth samples of umbilcal cord were taken and stained wtth H and E. Dclailed hisromarphology of umbilical cord was studied and thickness of vessel walls via5 measured. Results: Mean thickness ol umbilical artcrics in two gmups was 630.73 5 10.27 Llrn and 534.58 c 8.17 prr., while r-rlcan ihickness of urnbilical vein in same groups was 365.55 + 10.49 urn arid 318.3+ 8.64 Jim respotlively. Tne qlianlitative difference belwccn mean lhickness of unibilical artcries and veins, in LA and HA grnups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Tht thickness d umbilical cord as well as umbilical vessels, was signi1ican:ly less in HA group as compared to LA group.
ABSTRACT
This cross sectional study is designed to compare the histomorphological characteristics of human placenta at high altitude [HA] i.e. Skardu [8500 ft] with those at low altitude [LA] i.e. Rawalpindi [1800 ft]. Cross sectional comparative study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the anatomy department of Army Medical College Rawalpindi, from October 2002 to April 2003. Eighty placentae, 40 each from normal cases at LA and HA, were included. Three full depth samples of placental tissue were taken. Histological study was done in Haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] and Periodic acid Schiff [PAS] stained sections. Detailed morphology of terminal villi was studied and number of capillaries was counted. The core of terminal villus in LA group contained few capillaries with considerable amount of stroma while in HA group it contained abundant dilated capillaries with very little stroma. Mean number of capillaries in LA and HA groups were 201.45 +/- 2.692 and 216.97 +/- 2.828 respectively. The capillaries in terminal villi were dilated and there number was significantly more in high altitude group probably showing adaptive changes in response to hypoxia